MODERN COPPER SMELTING.

The Colour of the Converter Flame during the
Bessemerising of Copper Matte.

Fig. 1. Flame at commencement of blow.

Fig. 2. Flame during the first or “slagging” stage.

Fig. 3. “White Metal stage.” Slagging of Copper.

Fig. 4. Flame during second or “blowing to blister” stage.

MODERN
COPPER SMELTING.

BEING
LECTURES DELIVERED AT BIRMINGHAM UNIVERSITY
GREATLY EXTENDED AND ADAPTED, AND WITH
AN INTRODUCTION ON THE HISTORY, USES
AND PROPERTIES OF COPPER.

BY
DONALD M. LEVY, M.Sc., Assoc. R.S.M.,
ASSISTANT LECTURER IN METALLURGY,
UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM.

With frontispiece, and 76 illustrations.

LONDON:
CHARLES GRIFFIN & COMPANY, LIMITED;
EXETER STREET, STRAND.

1912.

[All Rights Reserved.]

The lectures on “Modern Copper Smelting” embodied in this volume weredelivered at the University of Birmingham to the Senior Students in theSchool of Metallurgy and to others interested in the subject.

They are based largely upon the results of a study of the practice asconducted at a number of the best organised smelters and refineriesin the United States of America, at which the author has had theopportunity of spending some considerable time, and it has been feltthat there exists a scope, particularly on this side of the Atlantic,for a compact volume dealing broadly with the principles underlyingModern Copper Smelting, illustrated with such examples of workingpractice from personal observation. The subject-matter of the Lectureshas been extended by the addition of an Introduction on the History,Uses, and General Metallurgy of Copper as applied to Modern Practice.

The Copper Industry is already fortunate in the literature at itsdisposal. It possesses standard works of reference through thepublication of Dr. Peters’ classical volumes on the Principles ofCopper Smelting, and more recently (during the preparation of thepresent work) of the volume on the Practice of