France and England
in North America
A Series
of Historical Narratives
Part Seventh.
BOSTON:
LITTLE, BROWN, AND COMPANY.
1885.
ii
V1Copyright, 1884,
by Francis Parkman.
University Press:
John Wilson and Son, Cambridge.
sixth edition.
BOSTON:
LITTLE, BROWN, AND COMPANY.
1885.
iv
V1Copyright, 1884,
by Francis Parkman.
To
Harvard College,
the alma mater under whose influence the
purpose of writing it was conceived,
this book
is affectionately inscribed.
The names on the titlepage stand as representative of the two nations whose final contest for the control of North America is the subject of the book.
A very large amount of unpublished material has been used in itspreparation, consisting for the most part of documents copied from thearchives and libraries of France and England, especially from theArchives de la Marine et des Colonies, the Archives de la Guerre, andthe Archives Nationales at Paris, and the Public Record Office and theBritish Museum at London. The papers copied for the present work inFrance alone exceed six thousand folio pages of manuscript, additionaland supplementary to the "Paris Documents" procured for the State of NewYork under the agency of Mr. Brodhead. The copies made in England formten volumes, besides many English documents consulted in the originalmanuscript. Great numbers of autograph letters, diaries, and otherwritings of persons engaged in the war have also been examined on thisside of the Atlantic.
viii
V1 I owe to the kindness of the present Marquis de Montcalm the permissionto copy all the letters written by his ancestor, General Montcalm, whenin America, to members of his family in France. General Montcalm, fromhis first arrival in Canada to a few days before his death, also carriedon an active correspondence with one of his chief officers, Bourlamaque,with whom he was on terms of intimacy. These autograph letters are nowpreserved in a private collection. I have examined them, and obtainedcopies of the whole. They form an interesting complement to the officialcorrespondence of the writer, and throw the most curious side-lights onthe persons and events of the time.
Besides manuscripts, the printed matter in the form of books, pamphlets,contemporary newspapers, and other publications relating to the Americanpart of the