STUDIES IN HISTORY, ECONOMICS AND PUBLIC LAW.

EDITED BY
THE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
OF COLUMBIA COLLEGE.

Volume II.][Number 1.

THE ECONOMICS
OF THE
RUSSIAN VILLAGE.

BY
Isaac A. Hourwich, Ph.D.,
Seligman Fellow in Political Science, Columbia College.

New York.
1892.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

	PAGE
Introduction. The Rise of “Peasantism.”	7
Chapter I. General Sketch of the Development of Landholdingin Russia	19
The Russian village community of historical times—Survivals of communalco-operation—The communistic peasant household—Origins ofprivate property in land—Patrimony and fee—Slavery resulting fromthe obligation of loan—Tenure in fee an institute of public law—Limitationof the peasant’s right of migration—The fee becomes hereditary—Statuteof Peter the Great on inheritance in the estates held by the nobility;abolition of the distinction between patrimony and fee—The polltax—Slaves and serfs put upon a common footing—Emancipation of thenobility from their duty toward the state—The serfs agitated by a feelingin favor of emancipation—“Land and Liberty”—The question discussedin the Legislative Assembly convoked by Catherine II.—Insurrectionunder the head of Emilian Pougatchoff—Further developments of theabolitionist problem—Peasant riots about the time of the Crimean War—Economicnecessity of abolition of serfdom—Evolution of private propertyachieved by the emancipation—Expropriation of the peasantry—Legendsof land nationalization popular with the peasantry—The Statuteof 1861 in its characteristic features—Russian taxation—Limitation ofthe personal liberty of the taxpayer—The village community upheld byover-taxation of the land—Counteracting influence of the rise of rent.
Chapter II. Community of Land	37
The region selected for review with regard to geographical positionand population—Forms of ownership in land—Agrarian communism—Communityof land with shares fixed in perpetuity—History of the latterform of ownership—Evolution of the same into agrarian communism—Opinionsof Russian students on the origin of agrarian communism.
Chapter III. The Productive Forces of the Peasantry	47
Normal size of a farm required by the present state of agriculture—Actualsize of peasant farms—Legal discrimination—Want of fodder—Depressedcondition of stock breeding—Want of fuel—Manure used as[iv]fuel—The land not fertilized—Exhaustion of the soil—Improper situationof the lots—Yields of cereals—Balance of peasant agriculture—Reviewof real peasant budgets—Development of money economy inpeas ... BU KİTABI OKUMAK İÇİN ÜYE OLUN VEYA GİRİŞ YAPIN! Sitemize Üyelik ÜCRETSİZDİR!