About This book

Early on the morning of April 12, 1861, a mortarshell fired from Fort Johnson in Charleston Harborburst almost directly over Fort Sumter, inauguratingthe tragic American Civil War. Two years later, FortSumter, now in Confederate hands, became the focusof a gallant defense in which determined Confederatesoldiers kept Federal land and naval forces atbay for 587 days. The “first shot” of 1861 and theConfederate defense of 1863-65 are the subjects ofthe following pages. The narrative is based on anearlier work by Frank Barnes, onetime historian atFort Sumter National Monument.

National Park handbooks, compact introductionsto the natural and historical places administered bythe National Park Service, are designed to promotepublic understanding and enjoyment of the parks.Each handbook is intended to be informative readingand a useful guide to park features. More than100 titles are in print. They are sold at parks andcan be purchased by mail from the Superintendentof Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,Washington, DC 20402.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data:

Fort Sumter: anvil of war

Bibliography: p.

Supt. of Docs. no.: I 29.9/5:127

1. Fort Sumter (Charleston, S.C.)—History.

2. Charleston, (S.C.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865.

3. Charleston, (S.C.)—Fortifications, military installations, etc.

4. Fort Sumter National Monument Charleston, (S.C.)

I. United States. National Park Service. Division of Publications.

F279.C48F684 1984 975.7’915 84-600248

ISBN 0-912627-24-7

Part 1 The Fort on the Shoal 4

Part 2 The Civil War Years 14

Fort Sumter and the Coming of War, 1861 17

The Struggle for Charleston, 1863-65 33

Part 3 The Fort Today 52

From Wartime Ruin to National Monument 54

What to See at Fort Sumter 55

Sally Port 55

Left-Flank Casemates 55

Left Face 58

Right Face 58

Right Gorge Angle 59

Officers’ Quarters 59

Enlisted Men’s Barracks 59

Garrison Monument 59

Mountain Howitzer 59

Other Points of Interest 60

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